Robotic Yield Estimation of Apple Orchards

Overview of our yield mapping work

Performance Evaluation of Yield Mapping:

We developed algorithms for detecting apples, counting them and estimating their diameters from a video sequence.

For validation of our algorithms we hand labelled the apples both in the real world and in images. This allowed us to obtain ground truth to evaluate our algorithms.

Hand Labelled Apples

Propagation of Hand Labels Using Homography

In this video we show how our detection method is performing. The blue boxes are detection by the algorithm and the green boxes are the manually labelled ones. We detect 97.861% of the hand labelled apples which we call, “Hit Rate”.

Hit Rate

In the next video, we show the performance of our counting algorithm from the sunny side of a row. The conservative and non-conservative tags are based on a supervised detection procedure. The detection process labels the pixels which has a large probability of belonging to apples as conservative, and ones with lesser probabilities as non-conservative. Median accuracy for counting with respect to visible apples from both sides is 93.86%.

Counting Performance for Sunny Side of a Row

Next we show the performance for the shady side of the same row. Median accuracy for counting with respect to visible Apples from both sides is 80.18%.

Counting Performance for Shady Side of the Same Row

This project is funded by USDA NIFA MIN-98-G02.

Related Publications

2016
2	Z. Li, V. Isler Large Scale Image Mosaic Construction for Agricultural Applications IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 1(1): 295-302, 2016.
1	N. Stefas, H. Bayram, V. Isler Vision-Based UAV Navigation in Orchards In 5th IFAC Conference on Sensing, Control and Automation Technologies for Agriculture, 2016.